p.s. 不及物動詞所需+介係詞+受詞=>介係詞片語
二、介系詞片語:由介系詞帶領的一組字群,用來修飾其他詞語,連接到句子以增加意思。介系詞後面可接三種詞當受詞(object):1. 名詞(包括名詞片語、名詞子句) 2. 代名詞(受格) 3. 動名詞(Ving)
in 2005 /in the spring /in January/ in the last week of.. /in the morning
(2) 在…之後(用在未來式的動作)
The bus will be here in ten minutes.
your dream(s) will come true one day in the future.
at 3:00 / at noon/ at midnight/ at breakfast
(2)某些固定片語用
at Christmas 在聖誕節
at Easter 在復活節
at the same time在同一時間
at once馬上、立刻
John is going to London on Monday
(2) 日期
My birthday is on June 30
(3) 特殊日子
We are going to the party on my birthday.
at Christmas vs on Christmas ????
(1)指某事發生在一段期間裡,有強調「從頭到尾」的意思。
Jessica will stay in Hawaii during the holidays.
Martin talked to his friend during the whole of the lecture.
(2)在某事發生期間的某一個時間點上
Martin talked to his friend during the lecture.
for和during一樣指動作發生的時間,但for著重在「多久how long」
Jessica will visit Hawaii for five weeks.
I have been saving money for a long time.
(1)當介系詞用,後面接名詞:
since last week / since 1999 / since a long time ago
(2)當連接詞用,後面接子句(即「主詞+動詞…」)
I have known them since I was a child.
past(=after)在…之後、超過、過了 / until 直到(某個時間為止)、到…為止
It is past my son’s bedtime.
Carol waited until past 10 o’clock, but her friend never arrived.
Please stay here until I get back. (連接詞)
- 時間 介係詞:
- in + 一段時間
in 2005 /in the spring /in January/ in the last week of.. /in the morning
(2) 在…之後(用在未來式的動作)
The bus will be here in ten minutes.
your dream(s) will come true one day in the future.
- at
at 3:00 / at noon/ at midnight/ at breakfast
(2)某些固定片語用
at Christmas 在聖誕節
at Easter 在復活節
at the same time在同一時間
at once馬上、立刻
- on
John is going to London on Monday
(2) 日期
My birthday is on June 30
(3) 特殊日子
We are going to the party on my birthday.
at Christmas vs on Christmas ????
- by+ 不遲於、在…之前(通常指某事的期限deadline
- during
(1)指某事發生在一段期間裡,有強調「從頭到尾」的意思。
Jessica will stay in Hawaii during the holidays.
Martin talked to his friend during the whole of the lecture.
(2)在某事發生期間的某一個時間點上
Martin talked to his friend during the lecture.
- for + 一段時間
for和during一樣指動作發生的時間,但for著重在「多久how long」
Jessica will visit Hawaii for five weeks.
I have been saving money for a long time.
- since+過去時間點
(1)當介系詞用,後面接名詞:
since last week / since 1999 / since a long time ago
(2)當連接詞用,後面接子句(即「主詞+動詞…」)
I have known them since I was a child.
- Past / until(介系, 連結詞)
past(=after)在…之後、超過、過了 / until 直到(某個時間為止)、到…為止
It is past my son’s bedtime.
Carol waited until past 10 o’clock, but her friend never arrived.
Please stay here until I get back. (連接詞)
- 地方介係詞
- in +密閉空間 (較大場所)
- on + 表面
- at + 開放空間 (較小場所)
- above 在....上方 (沒接觸)
- below 在....下方 (沒接觸)
- behind 在…後面、在…後頭(=at the back of)
Susan is standing behind Jack.
- against 靠著、倚著、(撞、打)到 (有接觸到)
She is leaning against the couch.
- beside 在…旁邊(沒接觸)
- between 和 among
The boy stood between his mother and his father.
母親和父親兩個人,故用介系詞 between。
Richard has always been popular among his classmates.
班上同學多於二,故用介系詞 among。
母親和父親兩個人,故用介系詞 between。
Richard has always been popular among his classmates.
班上同學多於二,故用介系詞 among。
- 行動介系詞
1. up 往…上面 up the stairs上樓梯
2. down 往…下面 down the stairs下樓梯
3. into 往…裡面 into the box 到盒子裡面
4. out of 往…外面 out of the box 到盒子外面
5. over 越過(…上方) over the box 越過盒子
6. under 從…下方過去 under the box 從盒子底下過去
7. toward 朝著…的方向 toward the box 朝著盒子的方向
8. away from 從…處離開 away from the box 從盒子處離開
9. around 繞著…、圍著… around the box 繞著盒子
10. past 經過… past the box 從盒子旁經過
11. onto 到…上面 onto the box 到盒子上面
12. off (of) 從…表面離開 off (of) the box 從盒子上掉下 (不用of也行)
13. across 橫跨、越過 across the bridge 過橋
14. through 穿越 through the tunnel 穿過遂道
- 方式 / 交通方式
by + bus /car/taxi / train
on + foot/a bus /a plane /a train
in a car / a taxi
- made of 和 made from
make of (成品一眼看出材質, 例如桌子用木頭做的 一眼看出) 物理變化
make from( 化學變化,已經看不太出來材質, 例如紙:可以用木頭,也可以用石頭做出,看不出)
一個單字 in, out, above, below, to, from, at, by, with, under, before, after
兩個單字 across from, due to, up to, apart from, according to, thanks to, instead of, as for,
out of, ahead of, except for, because of
三個單字 in addition to, in front of, with regard to, in case of, by means of, in spite of,
on behalf of
- 介系詞片語是由「介系詞+受詞」所形成,通常用來當形容詞或副詞,偶而也拿來當名詞使用
必背觀念:
1. 介系詞+ 名詞/ 動名詞(Ving) / 代名詞(受詞):介系詞的後面,只能接名詞,或與名詞同類的詞,如動詞加上ing叫「動名詞(Ving)」,或「你(you)、我(me)、他(him)…」等這些的「代名詞(受格型)」。
2.但如果這些字串並沒有「主詞、動詞」等構成句子的要件,就只能叫做「片語phrase」,像at school因為沒有主詞動詞,所以只能叫「片語」
1. 介系詞+ 名詞/ 動名詞(Ving) / 代名詞(受詞):介系詞的後面,只能接名詞,或與名詞同類的詞,如動詞加上ing叫「動名詞(Ving)」,或「你(you)、我(me)、他(him)…」等這些的「代名詞(受格型)」。
2.但如果這些字串並沒有「主詞、動詞」等構成句子的要件,就只能叫做「片語phrase」,像at school因為沒有主詞動詞,所以只能叫「片語」
to the airport就是「介系詞片語(以下都簡稱「介片」)當副詞(因為副詞修飾動詞)用,修飾drove.
The color of Mars is red.
color是名詞,而形容詞修飾名詞,故of Mars是介片當形容詞修飾color
They come from among the crowd.
介係詞from + among the crowd 當名詞
- 介系詞片語2
介系詞片語主要分成以下兩種:
一、形容詞片語adjective phrase:修飾名詞(noun)或代名詞(pronoun)
二、副詞片語adverb phrases:修飾動詞(verb)、形容詞(adjective)或副詞(adverb),說明動作是「如何how、在何處where、在何時when」發生。
The color of Mars is red.
故of Mars是介片當形容詞修飾color。
Venus can often be seen near the horizon.
因為can be seen是「動詞」,而副詞修飾動詞,所以near the horizon在本句的功用是當副詞
- 介系詞片語3
最重要的必背原則是「介系詞片語不能當主詞」。
In the hallway of the school the photo of Mr. Freeborn frightened the children of all ages.
句子的核心The photo frightened the children.
倒裝句(註:有時為了加強語氣,會將主詞+be+介片,倒裝成「介片+be+主詞」)
Around the corner from my school is a Brazilian buffet.
在我學校的轉角處有一家巴西自助餐。