Ch8 連接詞(Conjunctions)

常用連接詞:
And
Or
But
So
Because
Even Though == Although

輔助詞
Too
Either
Neither

• And ; Or

"字詞"連接 加"," 最後才or 或 and
I saw a cat ,a mouse , and a dog.
Do u want tea , coffee, or milk?

"句子"連接時, 加逗號
I saw  a cat , and u saw a cat.


時態相同
詞性相同

• But

but後面有S+V時,完整子句,前面加逗號
I called Tom, but he didn't answer.
you called Tom or left message

助動詞代替動詞片語

I don't like coffee, but my friend does. (看主詞為單複數,時態)
I like tea, but my friends don't.
I am going to eat dinner, but my friend isn't.

• Too, Either,Neither 用法

Sue works at HUNT, and Tom does too.
Sue works at HUNT, and so does Tom.

Ann doesn't work at hospital, and Joe doesn't either.
Ann doesn't work at hospital, and Neither does Joe.

非正式:
Me too.
Me (n)either.

• Because,Even Though , Although

Because 子句+ , +主要子句
主要子句+Because 子句.

Even Though , Although也相同,注意逗點

• 逗點位置

如果 A, B 兩個為主要句子, 則連結詞時前面要加逗點 如: A句子, and B 句子

但是如果A為主句, B為字句 則A句子B子句(子句形容前面A,所以為一體); B子句,A句子


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As if  & As though (猶如,好像)

用於猜想,未必是事實=>The floods were rising and it was as if it was the end of the world.

後面可接介系詞=> She moved her lips as if to smile.

前面常接verb feel or look =>She felt as if all her worries had gone.

口語上 可用like取代as if & as though=>She felt like all her worries had gone.

• 連接詞, 主詞省略 (before,after,when,while...)

http://english.nhsh.tp.edu.tw/p21.htm

Before/After + S1 + V1, S2+V2. 當S1 == S2 時

S1省略外, be 動詞也要省略, 有時甚至連連接詞也省略了, 而這就是分詞構句了. 即以Ving (現在分詞;主動) 或Vpp (過去分詞;被動)

(finish 是she 主動去完成的動作)
After she finished her homework, she went shopping. ==
After finishing her homework, she went shopping. ==
Finishing her homework, she went shopping.

Before the dog was hit by a car, it was running on the street. ==
Before hit (Vp.p) by a care, the dog was running on the street. ==
Hit (Vp.p) by a care, the dog was running on the street.

S1 =/= S2主詞不同時
省略連接詞，動詞變分詞--主動 → ing、被動 → p.p.

If  time (S1) permits,  we (S2) will stop off in Hong Kong to do some shopping.
== Time  permitting, we will stop off in Hong Kong to do some shopping.

難點:

1.判斷連接詞(或者是adv,adj, preposition)
2.主詞省略 + verb變化

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。對等連接詞：and, but, or, nor, for, so, yet

。相關連結詞：either… or, neither… nor, both … and

。從屬連結詞：after, because, if, as though, in order that

1. 轉折

用途：前段或前句意思和後段不同，或有意義上的轉折。常用作連結兩者，標示著有相反或相對的意思。

連接詞	意思	用法	例句
Nevertheless	儘管如此	常用於句子開首，也可用於中段	She was hungry, nevertheless, she gave her bread to a beggar.
On the contrary	恰恰相反	句子中段	I did not go to London, on the contrary I went to Paris.
However	然而	句子開首或中段	we thought he became a better person; however, he is not.
But	然而、但是	句子開首或中段	The food is more expensive but its nutritional value is higher.
Although	雖然	句子開首或中段	I will not buy the food although its nutritional value is higher.

2. 先後、層次（段落）

用途：多散落並用於整篇文章之中，也可用於闡述論點。使整篇文章有鮮明的結構，經常用於闡述數個論點，讓讀者知道文章架構，使他們易於閱讀。

連接詞	意思	用法	例句
First, … Second, …	第一，… 第二，…	常用於每段或每個議點的首句句首	There are two principles. First, the Principle of Equal Liberty, … . Second, the Difference Principle, … .
On one hand, … On the other hand, …	一方面，… 另一方面，…	常用於分別闡述兩個論點，置於論點的句首	On one hand, it exploits the income of the poor, … . On the other hand, it causes alienation, … .

3. 層遞（句子結構）

用途：多用於闡述論點中、也可用於梳理整篇文章脈絡。用於說明兩者或以上的事物，而每者皆有共通點。通常以某種特定順序排列說明， 顯現出層層遞升或遞降的表達方式、亦讓讀者了解到每者之間的既定關係。

adv => therefore 則是作為副詞，引導綠色句，表達「因果關係」，要分兩個句子.

ADV	意思	用法	例句
Moreover, …	此外、而且	句子開首或中間	I can cook myself now. Moreover, I can feel romance now.
Besides,	此外、除…之外	句子開首或中段	The car is too expensive, and besides, it is not compulsory.
In addition,	此外	句子開首	He is a professor. In addition, he is a television commentator.
then, …	另外	句子開首或中段	She is good, but then so is he.
Furthermore, …	而且、此外、再者	句子開首或中段	Furthermore, he is no longer hungry now.

4. 並列

用途：用於說明兩者或以上的事物，而每者皆有共通點。每者沒有先後次序之分，各個描述的事物的地位一樣。能讓讀者了解到各者的特點及共通點。

連接詞	意思	用法	例句
And	及、和	多用於句子中間	Peter and Mary are my friends.
Either, … or … .	要麼…要麼…	兩字一起使用，通常是用作二擇其一	It’s either black or grey. I can’t remember.
Both … and … .	… 和 …	兩字一起使用	Both Peter and Mary are my friends.
…as well as…	以及	多用於句子中間	When they go to Austria, they like walking as well as skiing.

參考:

【英文文法】英文作文必備實用連接詞大全，寫作從此沒難度！ AmazingTalker®